Kenya (KNTGC VRPP) — ride-through requirements

The LVRT, HVRT, FRT envelopes a grid-scale battery must meet under Kenya (KNTGC VRPP), digitized breakpoint by breakpoint and checked against the clause it came from.

By Sergey Syrvachev — Director of Product Engineering at HyperStrong

Applies to: transmission connections — Variable renewable power plants at transmission connection.

Part of: the grid-code ride-through chart — compare this against 65 other standards in 44 countries.

What this is, and is not. A reading aid compiled from the clause cited below — not a compliance document. The primary text governs. Every value here was read from a current primary source.

Breakpoints

Times are seconds from the start of the disturbance. Voltage is per-unit of nominal; frequency in hertz. An LVRT curve is a lower boundary (stay connected while voltage is on or above it), an HVRT curve an upper boundary, and FRT gives the band between its High and Low boundaries. These are the boundaries, not the behaviour: what holding one demands of the converter — reactive current injection, thermal stress, protection timing — is stepped through in the LVRT / HVRT ride-through visual.

EventDutyBreakpointsStatus
low-voltage ride-through (LVRT)ride-through0.001s → 0 pu; 0.15s → 0 pu; ↗ 2s → 0.85 pu; 3s → 0.85 pu; 3.001s → 0.9 pu; 4s → 0.9 puverified
high-voltage ride-through (HVRT)ride-through0.001s → 1.2 pu; 2s → 1.2 pu; 2.001s → 1.1 puverified
frequency ride-through (FRT)ride-throughHigh: 0.1s → 52 Hz; 20s → 52 Hz; 20.001s → 51.5 Hz; 1800s → 51.5 Hz; 1800.001s → 51 Hz; 3600s → 51 Hz; 3600.001s → 50.5 Hz | Low: 0.1s → 47 Hz; 20s → 47 Hz; 20.001s → 47.5 Hz; 180s → 47.5 Hz; 180.001s → 48 Hz; 1800s → 48 Hz; 1800.001s → 49 Hz; 3600s → 49 Hz; 3600.001s → 49.5 Hzverified

Where these values come from

  • LVRTKenya National Transmission Grid Code (KNTGC), clause 7.2.3.1 'Fault Ride-through Requirements for VRPPs', Figure 7-2 'Voltage Must Remain Connected Area', Area B — verified against the KETRACO-published KNTGC Final 30-04-2021 (identical clause numbering and wording to the March-2024 edition cited). The code defines a linear recovery ramp; the vertices are read from the clause and the chart draws the segment between them.
  • HVRTKNTGC clause 7.2.3.1(iii), Figure 7-2 Upper Bound / Area D — verified against KNTGC Final 30-04-2021.
  • FRTKNTGC clause 7.2.3.5 and Table 7-1 'Frequency Limits in the Kenya National Transmission System' (plus clause 7.1.3(c) for the 47.0-47.5 Hz / 20 s band) — verified against KNTGC Final 30-04-2021.

Last checked against the source document on .

How Kenya compares

Each event this code defines, put side by side with every other code that defines it:

Other grid codes in Africa