BESS Visual

BMS Three-Layer Structure

How the container BAU, rack BCUs, and module BMUs supervise a 5 MWh BESS.

BMS Three-Layer Structure

How the container BAU, rack BCUs, and module BMUs supervise a 5 MWh BESS.

BAU / BCU / BMU
BAU / container1
BCU / racks12
BMU / modules48
Cells monitored4,992
BMS hierarchyreporting direction
BAU · Battery Admin UnitBCU · Battery Cluster UnitBMU · Battery Module UnitBAU: Container BMS Controller1 per 20 ft containerRack 1BCU...Rack 12BCUM1BMUM2BMUM3BMUM4BMU1 BMU per module104 cells eachM1BMUM2BMUM3BMUM4BMU1 BMU per module104 cells each
Where it lives20 ft container cutaway
R1-2R3-4R5-6R11-12HVACBAU...
Photo overlaylayer zones on the container
Open BESS container with battery racks, module stack, HVAC enclosure, and access doorsBAUBCUBMU

Hover, focus, or tap a layer in the hierarchy. The cutaway and photo overlay light up where that BMS layer is installed.

One container = 1 BAU + 12 BCUs + 48 BMUs keeping watch over 4,992 cells.

cellsEMS / PCS

Counts: 12 BESS racks x 4 modules x 104 cells. One physical rack = two BESS racks: four modules above the BCUs and four below.

Structural visualization - hover, focus, or tap a BMS layer to highlight where it sits and how it reports upward.

Structural visualization - hover, focus, or tap a BMS layer to highlight where it sits and how it reports upward.

About this visualization

How the container BAU, rack BCUs, and module BMUs supervise a 5 MWh BESS. This interactive diagram is part of the BESS.engineer visuals library — practical, engineering-led explanations of grid-scale battery energy storage. Use the controls above to explore it, or download a GIF from the library view.

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