India (CEA Connectivity Regs) — ride-through requirements

The LVRT, HVRT, FRT envelopes a grid-scale battery must meet under India (CEA Connectivity Regs), digitized breakpoint by breakpoint and checked against the clause it came from.

By Sergey Syrvachev — Director of Product Engineering at HyperStrong

Applies to: transmission connections — Generating stations connecting to the Indian HV grid.

Part of: the grid-code ride-through chart — compare this against 65 other standards in 44 countries.

What this is, and is not. A reading aid compiled from the clause cited below — not a compliance document. The primary text governs. Some values on this page are marked partial: the level is confirmed but at least one duration step could not be read directly from the source.

Breakpoints

Times are seconds from the start of the disturbance. Voltage is per-unit of nominal; frequency in hertz. An LVRT curve is a lower boundary (stay connected while voltage is on or above it), an HVRT curve an upper boundary, and FRT gives the band between its High and Low boundaries. These are the boundaries, not the behaviour: what holding one demands of the converter — reactive current injection, thermal stress, protection timing — is stepped through in the LVRT / HVRT ride-through visual.

EventDutyBreakpointsStatus
low-voltage ride-through (LVRT)ride-through0.001s → 0.15 pu; 0.3s → 0.15 pu; ↗ 3s → 0.85 pu; ↗ 10s → 0.9 puverified
high-voltage ride-through (HVRT)ride-through0.001s → 1.3 pu; 0.2s → 1.3 pu; 0.201s → 1.2 pu; 2s → 1.2 pu; 2.001s → 1.1 puverified
frequency ride-through (FRT)ride-throughHigh: 0.1s → 52 Hz | Low: 0.1s → 47.5 Hzpartial

Where these values come from

  • LVRTCEA Connectivity Regs 2007 (am. 2019) clause B2(3) — profile is embedded as an image in the gazette PDF; the 0.15 pu / 300 ms corner matches how it is universally cited but the recovery ramp could not be read directly.
  • HVRTCEA Regulations Compendium, August 2024, Part II clause B2(7) over-voltage table, footnote 20 'Substituted vide Second amendment, 2019 w.e.f. 06.02.2019'. Identical text in the 2019 gazette notification.
  • FRTCEA Regulations Compendium, August 2024, Part II clause B2(2) (footnote: substituted vide Second amendment, 2019 w.e.f. 06.02.2019): 'capable of operating in the frequency range 47.5 to 52 Hz and be able to deliver rated output in the frequency range of 49.5 Hz to 50.5 Hz'. Identical wording in the 2019 gazette.

Read it yourself: CEA Regulations Compendium (PDF) ↗

Last checked against the source document on .

How India compares

Each event this code defines, put side by side with every other code that defines it:

Other grid codes in Asia-Pacific